Vision defects – genetic predispositions

Eye and hair colour or the shape of the nose are not the only features we inherit from our ancestors. Vision defects may also be passed down, both by our parents and more distant ancestors, such as our grandparents.

If there is a noticeable genetic background in the family regarding the occurrence of vision defects, it is important to recognize it in the child early enough. An early diagnosis and prevention can stop the defect from progressing.

How to recognise a vision defect in a child?

The most common symptoms of impaired vision include:

• frequent squinting and rubbing the eyes
• watching TV from a very close distance, holding a book or a sheet of paper very close to the eyes while reading or drawing
• stumbling over various objects
• tilting head while watching TV or reading
• writing and reading difficulties
• concentration disorders
• frequent headaches

Rapid intervention also helps to prevent amblyopia. Its treatment makes sense only in childhood – the younger the child is, the better results can be obtained.

What vision defects do we inherit?

Short-sightedness – considered likely to develop in people with genetic predispositions. It refers to severe short-sightedness (over -8 dioptres), which usually manifests itself at school age.

The occurrence of short-sightedness may also be a result of inappropriate eye hygiene – long hours spent in front of a computer screen, reading or working at close distance under inadequate lighting.

Far-sightedness (hyperopia) – frequently diagnosed in children. At its initial stage it may be mistaken for physiological far-sightedness related to the development of the eye. It usually regresses with the body’s physical development; however, it sometimes turns into a serious vision defect.

Astigmatism (astigmia) - This vision defect consists in the abnormal shape of the cornea or lens of the eye. It causes blurry vision at any distance. It is thought to be inherited from parents. It may manifest itself at any age. It is often accompanied by short-sightedness or far-sightedness.

If you have noticed any predispositions for vision defects in your family, an early diagnosis and appropriately chosen correction method – either contact lenses or glasses – are absolutely essential.

Should you need advice regarding the choice of the correction method, make an appointment for a specialist ophthalmologic examination.

After the age of 18, a vision defect (short-sightedness, far-sightedness and astigmatism) may additionally be corrected with a laser vision correction procedure. In order to make an appointment for a qualifying examination fill in a preliminary qualification form online or call our Centre.

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